"Labor" and "delivery" describe the process of childbirth. Contractions of the uterus and changes in the cervix (the opening of the uterus) prepare a woman's body to give birth. Then the baby is born, and the placenta follows.
NICHD studies many aspects of labor and delivery: their basic biology, childbirth practices, and management of related problems.
A separate topic covers preterm labor and birth.
General Information
About Labor and Delivery
Nearly 4 million infants are born in the United States every year. Learn more about the process of childbirth.
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When does labor usually start?
Labor usually starts between 37 weeks and 42 weeks of pregnancy. Learn the signs and when to call your provider.
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What is induction of labor?
Induction of labor means that a health care provider uses medication to make labor occur. If there is a problem that could harm mother or baby, providers may need to induce labor.
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What are the stages of labor?
In the three stages of labor, the body prepares for delivery, the baby is born, and the placenta is delivered. Watch a video that explains more.
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What are the options for pain relief during labor and delivery?
Some women choose medications to relieve pain and manage labor, while others choose natural approaches that do not use medications. Learn more about these options.
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What is a cesarean delivery, or C-section?
A cesarean delivery, or C-section, is a surgical way to deliver a baby. In 2015, 32% of U.S. births were by C-section. Learn more about when C-section may be needed and its risks.
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What is vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)?
Women who have had a cesarean delivery, or C-section, may be able to have a vaginal birth with a later pregnancy. Read about factors to discuss with a provider.
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What are some common complications during labor and delivery?
Each pregnancy and delivery is different, and problems may arise. Common complications include tears and labor that does not progress. Learn more how providers might treat these issues.
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Research
NICHD Research Information
NICHD studies labor, delivery, and related complications and disorders.
Find a Study
Find a Study
NICHD conducts and supports a variety of clinical research projects related to labor and delivery.
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More Information
Other FAQs
Find answers to other common questions about labor and delivery, such as how to spot false labor and what to consider if you decide to give birth outside a hospital.
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Alternate Titles
Childbirth
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