HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, kills cells of the body's immune system. Eventually, this can destroy the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers.
The most advanced stage of HIV infection is known as AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
NICHD is one of many federal agencies and NIH institutes working to understand HIV. NICHD's research focuses on the biology, prevention, and treatment of HIV/AIDS in infants, children, adolescents, and women, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. Another institute, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, leads HIV/AIDS research at NIH.
General Information
HIV attacks cells of the body's immune system. Destruction of these cells can leave people with untreated HIV vulnerable to infections and certain cancers.
HIV symptoms differ between early and late stages of infection and can be similar to those of other illnesses. An HIV test is the only way to tell for sure if you have HIV.
The most common ways that HIV is passed from person to person are through sexual intercourse and by sharing needles, syringes, or other injection drug equipment.
Anyone can get HIV, but certain groups of people are more likely to get HIV because of factors like engaging in risk behaviors.
Blood tests look for evidence that a person's body is fighting HIV. These tests detect HIV antibodies, which the body creates in response to HIV infection.
There are many safe and highly effective drugs approved to fight HIV. However, these drugs do not cure HIV and must be taken for life.
You can reduce your risk of getting HIV or passing it to others by practicing safe sex, not sharing needles, and taking medications to prevent or treat HIV.
Research
NICHD conducts and supports research on HIV and many related disorders.
Find a Study
NICHD conducts and supports a variety of clinical research projects related to HIV.
More Information
Find answers to other common questions about HIV, such as how the virus causes AIDS.
Links to websites of groups that study or provide information about HIV.
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