Table 3. PKU vs Unaffected Non-familial Control Participants on Various Outcomes
| Outcome | N | M d | 95% Confidence Interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| IQ |
86 |
0.4603 |
0.3702 to 0.5504 |
|
45 |
0.4972 |
0.3631 to 0.6313 |
|
17 |
0.3970 |
0.1979 to 0.5961 |
|
18 |
0.5417 |
0.3164 to 0.7670 |
| Executive functions |
38 |
0.4642 |
0.2337 to 0.6947 |
|
32 |
0.3414 |
0.0973 to 0.5855 |
| Attention |
32 |
0.6547 |
0.4366 to 0.8728 |
|
22 |
0.6345 |
0.2993 to 0.9697 |
| Behavior |
144 |
0.1325 |
0.0707 to 0.1943 |
|
94 |
0.1573 |
0.0782 to 0.2364 |
|
51 |
0.0929 |
-0.0078 to 0.1936 |
| Other cognitive and motor skills |
114 |
0.5389 |
0.4102 to 0.6677 |
|
6 |
0.3634 |
-0.2898 to 1.0167 |
|
27 |
1.1967 |
0.8407 to 1.5527 |
|
49 |
0.3656 |
0.2754 to 0.4557 |
|
28 |
0.5293 |
0.0644 to 0.9943 |
Note. N=number of effect sizes. Ratings=ratings of general behavior by parents/teachers, and self-concept. A positive effect size reflects a result in which the PKU group performed more poorly than the control group, on average.
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