EB Research: Upstate New York Infant Development Screening Program (Upstate KIDS)

Phase 1: Growth and Development

Upstate KIDS logo This Study aimed to determine whether infertility treatments, such as ovulation-stimulating medications and various assisted reproductive technologies (ART), adversely affect the growth, motor, and social development of children from birth through age three years, or if these technologies are associated with differences in the timing or rates of infant and child development, including motor and social development, the development of major and, especially, minor neuro-developmental impairments, and with physical growth patterns. Secondarily, but equally important, the Study also aimed to determine to test the American Academy of Pediatrics developmental surveillance and screening algorithm. The Study aimed to provide information to the State of New York Department of Health that will allow it to more effectively plan and implement the New York State Early Intervention Program (EIP) and, by extension, to inform other States' programs nationally.

The Upstate KIDS Study, which represents a collaborative effort among the DIPHR Epidemiology and Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Branches, the New York State Department of Health, and the University at Albany School of Public Health, implemented a matched-exposure cohort design, recruiting infants who were born between 2008 and 2010 in New York State (exclusive of New York City). Using vital records data, all children conceived by infertility treatment and all twins were recruited. In total, approximately 1,300 families whose child(ren) were conceived with infertility treatment (exposed) and approximately 3,700 families whose child(ren) were not conceived with any infertility treatment (unexposed) were recruited. A separate cohort of all higher-order multiples (triplets, quadruplets) were also recruited. Parents completed the infant questionnaires along with the Ages & Stages Questionnaire© developmental screen at 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of chronologic or gestation-corrected age, and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers at 18 and 24 months. Children who did not pass the screen were referred to the NYS EIP. In a subgroup, residual newborn blood spot samples (punches) from the Guthrie cards were retrieved by the NYS Newborn Screening Program for analysis of inflammatory and immune markers that may indicate an intrauterine infection and be predictive of later disease or delays in development. The Study also conducted linkages to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System (SART CORS), NYS Congenital Malformations Registry, Cancer Registry, Newborn Screening Program, and the EIP, among others.

Phase 2: Cardio-metabolic health

Upstate KIDS Follow-up Recent studies have drawn attention to concern that infertility treatment exposure may also increase cardio-metabolic risk. Low birth weight and preterm birth are tied to cardiovascular disease risk and mortality later in adult life. Both adverse birth outcomes are increased among singletons and twins conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and among children conceived techniques apart from ART compared to children conceived naturally. These adverse birth outcomes of children conceived by infertility treatment may serve as an indicator of increased cardio-metabolic risk later in life. Increased risk among those having good birth outcomes, however, cannot be ruled out. The timing of puberty is also of interest, as some pubertal markers appear altered after IVF conception and early adrenarche may confer additional cardio-metabolic risks. Few studies have followed children conceived by non-ART treatment. As such, the cardio-metabolic status of children exposed to infertility treatment inclusive of ART remains unclear.

The Upstate KIDS Follow-Up Study, a collaborative effort among the Epidemiology and Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Branches at NICHD and the University at Albany School of Public Health, will continue the follow-up of approximately 3,200 children from the original cohort through age 8 years primarily by annual questionnaires. A subgroup will be invited to participate in a home/clinic visit program where measurements of cardio-metabolic risk along with biospecimens will be collected from mothers and their children. Lastly, all children will be asked to donate a saliva sample by mail when they reach age 8 years.

For more information on the Upstate KIDS Follow-Up Study, visit https://www.albany.edu/sph/upstate-kids .

Principal Investigator

Edwina Yeung, Ph.D.

Division Collaborators

Publications

Clayton, P. K., Putnick, D. L., Trees, I. R., Robinson, S. L., O'Connor, T. G., Tyris, J. N., & Yeung, E. H. (2024). Age of juice introduction and cardiometabolic outcomes in middle childhood. The Journal of Nutrition, S0022-3166(24)00353-5. Advance online publication. PMID: 38936550
Tyris, J., Putnick, D. L., Parikh, K., Lin, T. C., Sundaram, R., & Yeung, E. H. (2024). Place-based opportunity and well child visit attendance in early childhood. Academic Pediatrics, S1876-2859(24)00232-8. Advance online publication. PMID: 38936606
Tyris, J., Putnick, D. L., Bell, E. M., McAdam, J., Lin, T. C., Parikh, K., & Yeung, E. (2024). Child opportunity index mobility, recurrent wheezing, and asthma in early childhood: A population-based prospective cohort study. The Journal of Pediatrics, 272, 114121. Advance online publication. PMID: 38815746
Yeung, E., Biedrzycki, R. J., Gómez Herrera, L. C., Issarapu, P., Dou, J., Marques, I. F., Mansuri, S. R., Page, C. M., Harbs, J., Khodasevich, D., Poisel, E., Niu, Z., Allard, C., Casey, E., Berstein, F. M., Mancano, G., Elliott, H. R., Richmond, R., He, Y., Ronkainen, J., … Guan, W. (2024). Maternal age is related to offspring DNA methylation: A meta-analysis of results from the PACE consortium. Aging Cell, e14194. Advance online publication. PMID: 38808605
Trees, I. R., Saha, A., Putnick, D. L., Clayton, P. K., Mendola, P., Bell, E. M., Sundaram, R., & Yeung, E. H. (2024). Prenatal exposure to air pollutant mixtures and birthweight in the upstate KIDS cohort. Environment International, 187, 108692. PMID: 38677086
Clayton, P. K., Putnick, D. L., Trees, I. R., Ghassabian, A., Tyris, J. N., Lin, T. C., & Yeung, E. H. (2024). Early infant feeding practices and associations with growth in childhood. Nutrients, 16(5), 714. PMID: 38474842
Putnick, D. L., Bell, E. M., Tyris, J., McAdam, J., Ghassabian, A., Mendola, P., Sundaram, R., & Yeung, E. (2024). Place-based child opportunity at birth and child development from infancy to age 4. The Journal of Pediatrics, 267, 113909. PMID: 38220066
Polinski, K. J., Robinson, S. L., Putnick, D. L., Sundaram, R., Bell, E., Joseph, P. V., Segars, J., Guan, W., Silver, R. M., Schisterman, E. F., Mumford, S. L., & Yeung, E. H. (2023). Examination of newborn DNA methylation among women with polycystic ovary syndrome/hirsutism. Epigenetics, 18(1), 2282319. PMID: 37992405
Polinski, K. J., Robinson, S. L., Putnick, D. L., Sundaram, R., Ghassabian, A., Joseph, P., Gomez-Lobo, V., Bell, E. M., & Yeung, E. H. (2024). Maternal self-reported polycystic ovary syndrome with offspring and maternal cardiometabolic outcomes. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 39(1), 232–239. PMID: 37935839
Gleason, J. L., Yeung, E. H., Sundaram, R., Putnick, D. L., Mendola, P., Bell, E. M., Polinski, K. J., Robinson, S. L., & Grantz, K. L. (2023). Longitudinal child growth patterns in twins and singletons in the Upstate KIDS cohort. The Journal of Pediatrics, 263, 113720. PMID: 37660974
Grippo, A., Zhu, K., Yeung, E. H., Bell, E. M., Bonner, M. R., Tian, L., Mendola, P., & Mu, L. (2023). Indoor air pollution exposure and early childhood development in the Upstate KIDS study. Environmental Research, 234, 116528. PMID: 37419197
Yeung, E. H., Putnick, D. L., Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Lin, T. C., Mirzaei, S., Stern, J. E., & Bell, E. (2023). Examining attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related behavioral disorders by fertility treatment exposure in a prospective cohort. Annals of Epidemiology, 82, 59–65.e1. PMID: 36972758
Adeyeye, T. E., Jones, L. E., Yeung, E., Mendola, P., Lawrence, D. A., Lin, S., & Bell, E. M. (2023). Effects on neonatal immunoglobulin concentrations by infant mode of delivery in the upstate KIDS study (2008-2010). American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 89(4), e13688. PMID: 36788284
Putnick, D. L., Bell, E. M., Ghassabian, A., Mendola, P., Sundaram, R., & Yeung, E. H. (2023). Maternal antenatal depression's effects on child developmental delays: Gestational age, postnatal depressive symptoms, and breastfeeding as mediators. Journal of Affective Disorders, 324, 424–432. PMID: 36565964
Polinski, K. J., Robinson, S. L., Putnick, D. L., Guan, W., Gleason, J. L., Mumford, S. L., Sundaram, R., Mendola, P., London, S., & Yeung, E. H. (2023). Epigenetic gestational age and the relationship with developmental milestones in early childhood. Human Molecular Genetics, 32(9), 1565–1574. PMID: 36617164
Jones, L. E., Ghassabian, A., Lawrence, D. A., Sundaram, R., Yeung, E., Kannan, K., & Bell, E. M. (2022). Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and neonatal immunoglobulin profiles in the upstate KIDS study (2008-2010). Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 308, 119656. PMID: 35787426
Putnick, D. L., Trinh, M. H., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M., Ghassabian, A., Robinson, S. L., & Yeung, E. (2023). Displacement of peer play by screen time: Associations with toddler development. Pediatric Research, 93(5), 1425–1431. PMID: 35986149
Polinski, K. J., Bell, G. A., Trinh, M. H., Sundaram, R., Mendola, P., Robinson, S. L., Bell, E. M., Adeyeye, T., Lin, T. C., & Yeung, E. H. (2022). Maternal obesity, gestational weight gain, and offspring asthma and atopy. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology: Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 129(2), 199–204.e3. PMID: 35552010
Yeung, E. H., Mendola, P., Sundaram, R., Lin, T. C., Broadney, M. M., Putnick, D. L., Robinson, S. L., Polinski, K. J., Wactawski-Wende, J., Ghassabian, A., O'Connor, T. G., Gore-Langton, R. E., Stern, J. E., & Bell, E. (2022). Conception by fertility treatment and cardiometabolic risk in middle childhood. Fertility and Sterility, 118(2), 349–359. PMID: 35697532
Polinski, K. J., Stevens, D. R., Mendola, P., Lin, T. C., Sundaram, R., Bell, E., & Yeung, E. H. (2022). Infertility treatment associated with childhood asthma and atopy. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 37(7), 1609–1618. PMID: 35446387
Robinson, S. L., Sundaram, R., Lin, T. C., Putnick, D. L., Gleason, J. L., Ghassabian, A., Stevens, D. R., Bell, E. M., & Yeung, E. H. (2022). Age of juice introduction and child anthropometry at 2-3 and 7-9 years. The Journal of Pediatrics, 245, 135–141.e1. PMID: 35182582
Putnick, D. L., Bell, E. M., Ghassabian, A., Polinski, K. J., Robinson, S. L., Sundaram, R., & Yeung, E. (2022). Associations of toddler mechanical/distress feeding problems with psychopathology symptoms five years later. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 63(11), 1261–1269. PMID: 35048380
Putnick, D. L., Bell, E. M., Ghassabian, A., Robinson, S. L., Sundaram, R., & Yeung, E. (2022). Feeding problems as an indicator of developmental delay in early childhood. The Journal of Pediatrics, 242, 184–191.e5. PMID: 34774577
Gleason, J. L., Yeung, E., Sundaram, R., Mendola, P., Bell, E. M., Vafai, Y., Robinson, S. L., Putnick, D. L., & Grantz, K. L. (2021). Developmental outcomes in small-for-gestational age twins using a singleton vs twin birthweight reference. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 3(6), 100465. PMID: 34416423
Robinson, S. L., Sundaram, R., Putnick, D. L., Gleason, J. L., Ghassabian, A., Lin, T. C., Bell, E. M., & Yeung, E. H. (2021). Predictors of age at juice introduction and associations with subsequent beverage intake in early and middle childhood. The Journal of Nutrition, 151(11), 3516–3523. PMID: 34486676
Yeung, E. H., Mendola, P., Sundaram, R., Zeng, X., Guan, W., Tsai, M. Y., Robinson, S. L., Stern, J. E., Ghassabian, A., Lawrence, D., O'Connor, T. G., Segars, J., Gore-Langton, R. E., & Bell, E. M. (2021). Conception by fertility treatment and offspring deoxyribonucleic acid methylation. Fertility and Sterility, 116(2), 493–504. PMID: 33823999
Robinson, S. L., Zeng, X., Guan, W., Sundaram, R., Mendola, P., Putnick, D. L., Waterland, R. A., Gunasekara, C. J., Kannan, K., Gao, C., Bell, E. M., & Yeung, E. H. (2021). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and DNA methylation in newborn dried blood spots in the Upstate KIDS cohort. Environmental Research, 194, 110668. PMID: 33387539
Putnick, D. L., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M., Ghassabian, A., Goldstein, R. B., Robinson, S. L., Vafai, Y., Gilman, S. E., & Yeung, E. (2020). Trajectories of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms. Pediatrics, 146(5), e20200857. PMID: 33109744
Robinson, S. L., Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Trinh, M. H., Lin, T. C., Bell, E. M., & Yeung, E. (2020). Parental weight status and offspring behavioral problems and psychiatric symptoms. The Journal of Pediatrics, 220, 227–236.e1. PMID: 32067780
Hochstedler, K. A., Bell, G., Park, H., Ghassabian, A., Bell, E. M., Sundaram, R., Grantz, K. L., & Yeung, E. H. (2021). Gestational age at birth and risk of developmental delay: The Upstate KIDS study. American Journal of Perinatology, 38(10), 1088–1095. PMID: 32143225
Robinson, S. L., Parikh, T., Lin, T., Bell, E. M., Heisler, E., Park, H., Kus, C., Stern, J. E., & Yeung, E. H. (2020). Infertility treatment and autism risk using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 35(3), 684–693. PMID: 32163552
Robinson, S. L., Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Trinh, M. H., Bell, E. M., Mendola, P., & Yeung, E. H. (2020). The associations of maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and hirsutism with behavioral problems in offspring. Fertility and Sterility, 113(2), 435–443. PMID: 32106995
Trinh, M. H., Sundaram, R., Robinson, S. L., Lin, T. C., Bell, E. M., Ghassabian, A., & Yeung, E. H. (2020). Association of trajectory and covariates of children's screen media time. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(1), 71–78. PMID: 31764966
Ha, S., Yeung, E., Bell, E., Insaf, T., Ghassabian, A., Bell, G., Muscatiello, N., & Mendola, P. (2019). Prenatal and early life exposures to ambient air pollution and development. Environmental Research, 174, 170–175. PMID: 30979514
Bell, G. A., Perkins, N., Buck Louis, G. M., Kannan, K., Bell, E. M., Gao, C., & Yeung, E. H. (2019). Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and birth characteristics: The Upstate KIDS study. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 30 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S94–S100. PMID: 31569158
Adeyeye, T. E., Yeung, E. H., McLain, A. C., Lin, S., Lawrence, D. A., & Bell, E. M. (2019). Wheeze and food allergies in children born via cesarean delivery: The Upstate KIDS study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(2), 355–362. PMID: 30475936
Yeung, E. H., Bell, E. M., Sundaram, R., Ghassabian, A., Ma, W., Kannan, K., & Louis, G. M. (2019). Examining endocrine disruptors measured in newborn dried blood spots and early childhood growth in a prospective cohort. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 27(1), 145–151. PMID: 30569634
Bell, E. M., Yeung, E. H., Ma, W., Kannan, K., Sundaram, R., Smarr, M. M., & Buck Louis, G. M. (2018). Concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals in newborn blood spots and infant outcomes in the upstate KIDS study. Environment International, 121(Pt 1), 232–239. PMID: 30219610
Ghassabian, A., Bell, E. M., Ma, W. L., Sundaram, R., Kannan, K., Buck Louis, G. M., & Yeung, E. (2018). Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and bisphenol A in newborn dried blood spots and the association with child behavior. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 243(Pt B), 1629–1636. PMID: 30296759
Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Chahal, N., McLain, A. C., Bell, E. M., Lawrence, D. A., Gilman, S. E., & Yeung, E. H. (2018). Concentrations of immune marker in newborn dried blood spots and early childhood development: Results from the Upstate KIDS study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 32(4), 337–345. PMID: 29972605
Yeung, E. H., Sundaram, R., Xie, Y., & Lawrence, D. A. (2018). Newborn adipokines and early childhood growth. Pediatric Obesity, 13(8), 505–513. PMID: 29781193
Bell, G. A., Sundaram, R., Mumford, S. L., Park, H., Broadney, M., Mills, J. L., Bell, E. M., & Yeung, E. H. (2018). Maternal polycystic ovarian syndrome and offspring growth: the Upstate KIDS study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 72(9), 852–855. PMID: 29789346
Bell, G. A., Sundaram, R., Mumford, S. L., Park, H., Mills, J., Bell, E. M., Broadney, M., & Yeung, E. H. (2018). Maternal polycystic ovarian syndrome and early offspring development. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 33(7), 1307–1315. PMID: 29668891
Buck Louis, G. M., Bell, E., Xie, Y., Sundaram, R., & Yeung, E. (2018). Parental health status and infant outcomes: Upstate KIDS study. Fertility and Sterility, 109(2), 315–323. PMID: 29338856
Park, H., Sundaram, R., Gilman, S. E., Bell, G., Louis, G. M. B., & Yeung, E. H. (2018). Timing of maternal depression and sex-specific child growth, the Upstate KIDS study. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 26(1), 160–166. PMID: 29090856
Michels, K. A., Ghassabian, A., Mumford, S. L., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M., Bello, S. C., & Yeung, E. H. (2017). Breastfeeding and motor development in term and preterm infants in a longitudinal U.S. cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 106(6), 1456–1462. PMID: 29092884
Liu, D., Yeung, E. H., McLain, A. C., Xie, Y., Buck Louis, G. M., & Sundaram, R. (2017). A two-step approach for analysis of nonignorable missing outcomes in longitudinal regression: An application to Upstate KIDS study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 31(5), 468–478. PMID: 28767145
Vollet, K., Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Chahal, N., & Yeung, E. H. (2017). Prenatal fish oil supplementation and early childhood development in the Upstate KIDS study. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 8(4), 465–473. PMID: 28434427
Chahal, N., McLain, A. C., Ghassabian, A., Michels, K. A., Bell, E. M., Lawrence, D. A., & Yeung, E. H. (2017). Maternal smoking and newborn cytokine and immunoglobulin levels. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 19(7), 789–796. PMID: 28011791
Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Chahal, N., McLain, A. C., Bell, E., Lawrence, D. A., & Yeung, E. H. (2017). Determinants of neonatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and association with child development. Development and Psychopathology, 29(4), 1499–1511. PMID: 28462726
Robledo, C. A., Yeung, E. H., Mendola, P., Sundaram, R., Boghossian, N. S., Bell, E. M., & Druschel, C. (2017). Examining the prevalence rates of preexisting maternal medical conditions and pregnancy complications by source: Evidence to inform maternal and child research. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21(4), 852–862. PMID: 27549105
Yeung, E. H., Sundaram, R., Ghassabian, A., Xie, Y., & Buck Louis, G. (2017). Parental obesity and early childhood development. Pediatrics, 139(2), e20161459. PMID: 28044047
Broadney, M. M., Chahal, N., Michels, K. A., McLain, A. C., Ghassabian, A., Lawrence, D. A., & Yeung, E. H. (2017). Impact of parental obesity on neonatal markers of inflammation and immune response. International Journal of Obesity (2005), 41(1), 30–37. PMID: 27780976
Yeung, E. H., Louis, G. B., Lawrence, D., Kannan, K., McLain, A. C., Caggana, M., Druschel, C., & Bell, E. (2016). Eliciting parental support for the use of newborn blood spots for pediatric research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 16, 14. PMID: 26846420
Stern, J. E., McLain, A. C., Buck Louis, G. M., Luke, B., & Yeung, E. H. (2016). Accuracy of self-reported survey data on assisted reproductive technology treatment parameters and reproductive history. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 215(2), 219.e1–219.e2196. PMID: 26875948
Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Bell, E., Bello, S. C., Kus, C., & Yeung, E. (2016). Gross motor milestones and subsequent development. Pediatrics, 138(1), e20154372. PMID: 27354457
Yeung, E. H., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M., Druschel, C., Kus, C., Xie, Y., & Buck Louis, G. M. (2016). Infertility treatment and children's longitudinal growth between birth and 3 years of age. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 31(7), 1621–1628. PMID: 27165624
Michels, K. A., Mumford, S. L., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M., Bello, S. C., & Yeung, E. H. (2016). Differences in infant feeding practices by mode of conception in a United States cohort. Fertility and Sterility, 105(4), 1014–1022.e1. PMID: 26773191
Yeung, E. H., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M., Druschel, C., Kus, C., Ghassabian, A., Bello, S., Xie, Y., & Buck Louis, G. M. (2016). Examining infertility treatment and early childhood development in the Upstate KIDS study. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(3), 251–258. PMID: 26746435
Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Wylie, A., Bell, E., Bello, S. C., & Yeung, E. (2016). Maternal medical conditions during pregnancy and gross motor development up to age 24 months in the Upstate KIDS study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 58(7), 728–734. PMID: 26502927
Yeung, E. H., McLain, A. C., Anderson, N., Lawrence, D., Boghossian, N. S., Druschel, C., & Bell, E. (2015). Newborn adipokines and birth outcomes. Paediatric and erinatal Epidemiology, 29(4), 317–325. PMID: 26111443
Buck Louis, G. M., Druschel, C., Bell, E., Stern, J. E., Luke, B., McLain, A., Sundaram, R., & Yeung, E. (2015). Use of assisted reproductive technology treatment as reported by mothers in comparison with registry data: The Upstate KIDS study. Fertility and Sterility, 103(6), 1461–1468. PMID: 25813287
Wylie, A., Sundaram, R., Kus, C., Ghassabian, A., & Yeung, E. H. (2015). Maternal prepregnancy obesity and achievement of infant motor developmental milestones in the upstate KIDS study. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 23(4), 907–913. PMID: 25755075
Ma, W. L., Gao, C., Bell, E. M., Druschel, C. M., Caggana, M., Aldous, K. M., Louis, G. M., & Kannan, K. (2014). Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in archived dried blood spots and its application to track temporal trends of environmental chemicals in newborns. Environmental Research, 133, 204–210. PMID: 24968082
Buck Louis, G. M., Hediger, M. L., Bell, E. M., Kus, C. A., Sundaram, R., McLain, A. C., Yeung, E., Hills, E. A., Thoma, M. E., & Druschel, C. M. (2014). Methodology for establishing a population-based birth cohort focusing on couple fertility and children's development, the Upstate KIDS study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 28(3), 191–202. PMID: 24665916
Andersen, N. J., Mondal, T. K., Preissler, M. T., Freed, B. M., Stockinger, S., Bell, E., Druschel, C., Louis, G. M., & Lawrence, D. A. (2014). Detection of immunoglobulin isotypes from dried blood spots. Journal of Immunological Methods, 404, 24–32. PMID: 24333851
Ma, W. L., Yun, S., Bell, E. M., Druschel, C. M., Caggana, M., Aldous, K. M., Buck Louis, G. M., & Kannan, K. (2013). Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the blood of newborns from New York State during 1997 through 2011: Analysis of dried blood spots from the newborn screening program. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(14), 8015–8021. PMID: 23755886