Four children enrolled in an NIH-funded study have remained free of detectable HIV for more than one year after their antiretroviral therapy was paused to see if they could achieve HIV remission, researchers report. The findings suggest that very early HIV treatment enables unique features of the neonatal immune system to limit HIV reservoir development, increasing the prospect of HIV remission.
News
NICHD issues News Releases and Media Advisories to the news media. Spotlight and Research Feature articles explain NICHD research findings and public health issues to the general public. An Item of Interest is a short announcement of relevant information, such as a notable staff change.
Item of Interest: NIH awards interim prizes in fetal diagnostic and monitoring technology competition
NIH has announced finalists in its competition to accelerate the development of diagnostic and monitoring
technologies to improve fetal health outcomes.
Science Update: Placental particles in maternal bloodstream may signal less fetal growth, NIH-funded study suggests
Tiny, balloon-like particles released from the placenta could provide clues to identify fetuses at risk for growth restriction early so that pregnancies could be monitored for complications.
Science Update: Timing of COVID-19 vaccination drives menstrual cycle changes, NIH-funded study suggests
People who receive a COVID-19 vaccine during the first half of the menstrual cycle are more likely to experience a small, temporary increase in cycle length than those vaccinated during the second half, suggests an NICHD-funded study. By providing additional information about what to expect after a COVID-19 vaccine, the findings may help ease fears and anxiety around vaccination.
Science Update: Omega-3 supplements may reduce schizotypal personality symptoms, NIH-funded study suggests
Taking an omega-3 fatty acid supplement lowered children’s scores for schizotypal personality disorder, which features unusual thoughts, speech, and behaviors that hinder the ability to form relationships. The results suggest that regular supplementation in childhood could prevent more severe symptoms from developing in adolescence.
Director's Corner: Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections
There were more than 2.5 million cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia in the United States in 2022. NICHD research aims to prevent these and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women, infants, children, and adolescents. Focus areas include addressing the need for additional STI prevention methods for women and curbing the rise in congenital syphilis cases.
Spotlight: Women in Science: Dr. Tracey Rouault on Resilience
NICHD’s Tracey Rouault, M.D., has had many notable achievements during her nearly four-decade career in the intramural program at NIH. Learn about her upbringing, career path, and accomplishments.
Science Update: Positive parenting may counteract children’s biological aging in the face of adversity, NIH-funded study suggests
Positive parenting practices, like praising, noticing, and encouraging children’s behavior, may help reduce the faster rate of biological aging seen in children under adverse conditions. Such positive parenting practices may counter the effects of children’s hardships, improving their long-term physical and psychological health.
Science Update: Preterm infants fed donor milk had fewer intestinal complications than formula-fed infants
Compared to formula fed infants, extremely preterm infants fed donated human milk had half the rate of necrotizing enterocolitis, a life threatening condition of the intestines. There were no differences in neurological development between those fed donor milk and those fed formula.
Science Update: Preterm infants protected by maternal COVID-19 vaccination, NIH-funded study suggests
Preterm infants born to people who have been vaccinated for COVID-19 had roughly the same levels of antibodies to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as term infants born to vaccinated people, allaying concerns that fewer antibodies might pass to preterm infants.
Science Update: Step monitoring and coaching more effective at improving physical activity after stroke than traditional therapy, NIH-funded study suggests
A step monitoring program for stroke survivors is more effective at spurring long-term physical activity than the traditional therapy of high-intensity walking. The step program appears to reduce the chances that stroke survivors will become sedentary after their therapy is complete, which increases the risk for future strokes.
Science Update: NIH-funded study suggests best ways to screen for sepsis during and after pregnancy
Sepsis screening tools designed to account for the physiological changes that may occur during pregnancy perform best from 20 weeks of pregnancy through 3 days postpartum, research suggests. In early pregnancy and later in the postpartum period, tools based on general sepsis screening criteria may more accurately predict which patients are at high risk for maternal sepsis, a leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths.
Media Advisory: NIH-supported researchers create single-cell atlas of the placenta during term labor
An atlas of the placenta developed by NIH researchers offers insight on the communication that occurs between maternal and fetal cells during labor and delivery.
Science Update: NIH-funded researchers link genetic variants to malformations in stillborn infants
Researchers linked malformations in stillborn infants to copy number variants—lengths of DNA in which hereditary material is duplicated or deleted. What they learned could lead provide information helpful to parents and for pregnancy care.
Science Update: Altered fluid channels in the brain may be linked to diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, NIH-funded study suggests
Children with enlarged perivascular spaces—fluid-filled cavities surrounding the brain’s small blood vessels—had a higher risk for developing autism spectrum disorder and later sleep problems. Brain scans to detect the enlargement could be helpful for obtaining an earlier diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders.
Science Update: Questionnaire could identify emotional responses leading to PTSD after childbirth, NIH-funded study suggests
A questionnaire detecting strong emotional responses to traumatic births could help identify new mothers at risk for developing childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder. It may lead to faster diagnosis—and treatment—of post traumatic stress disorder in new mothers.
Science Update: Cannabis use in pregnancy may impair placental function, suggests NIH-funded study
Pregnant people who tested positive for cannabis use were at 27% higher risk for conditions related to poor placental function—including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, stillbirth, and growth restriction relative to gestational age—than pregnant people who tested negative.
Director's Corner: Reflecting on a Productive 2023
In 2023, NICHD continued its commitment to research to understand human development, improve reproductive health, promote women’s health, enhance the lives of children and adolescents, and optimize abilities for all. Highlights include steps toward reducing the global burden of maternal sepsis and establishing a standard treatment for opioid-exposed newborns.
Science Update: Widespread COVID-19 vaccination likely halted spike in preterm birth, NIH-funded analysis suggests
By late 2022, widespread COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant people likely halted a spike in the preterm birth rate that began at the start of the pandemic, suggests a new study. The findings underscore the need for pregnant people to keep current on COVID-19 vaccination.
Release: NIH researchers create genetic atlas detailing early stages of zebrafish development
Zebrafish are models for studying early development. Scientists at NICHD published an atlas of early zebrafish development that can serve as resource for other researchers who study development or human conditions and diseases.