Turner Syndrome

Turner syndrome is a disorder caused by a partially or completely missing X chromosome. This condition affects only females.

Turner syndrome causes a variety of symptoms in girls and women. For some people, symptoms are mild, but for others, Turner syndrome can cause serious health problems.

Turner syndrome affects about 1 of every 2,500 female live births worldwide.

Turner syndrome occurs when part or all of an X chromosome is missing from most or all of the cells in a girl’s body.

Healthcare providers use a combination of physical symptoms and the results of a genetic blood test, called a karyotype, to determine the chromosomal characteristics of the cells in a female’s body.

Although there is no cure for Turner syndrome, some treatments can help minimize its symptoms, including human growth hormone and estrogen replacement therapy.

NICHD conducts and supports research on Turner syndrome and on many disorders associated with Turner syndrome.

NICHD conducts and supports a variety of clinical research projects related to Turner syndrome.

Find answers to other common questions about Turner syndrome, such as how Turner syndrome is inherited, can it be prevented, and complications with the condition.

Links to websites of groups that study or provide information about Turner syndrome.