Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a significant cause of complications in pregnancy and can increase the likelihood of infection from a variety of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. The NICHD joins the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and other NIH Institutes in advancing understanding of its causes as well as preventive measures and treatment. The NICHD also plays an important role in educating both the public and health professionals about the effective diagnosis and treatment of BV.